SEMM example#
System Equivalent Model Mixing (SEMM) 1 enables the mixing of equivalent models into a hybrid model in the frequency domain. The models used can either be of numerical or experimental nature. The overlay model provides the dynamic properties which are expanded to the DoFs of the parent model. Therefore the overlay model is usually represented by the experimental model and parent model with the numerical model.
Note
Download example showing the basic use of SEMM: 05_SEMM.ipynb
Example data import#
In the beginning, it necessary to define numerical and experimental data (response models). Datasets used in this example are from a laboratory testbench and are available directly within the pyFBS.
Experimental model#
The experimental model must be properly aranged so that the FRFs are of correct shape. The first dimension represents the frequency depth, second the response points, and the third excitation points. The experimental model is used as the overlay model.
exp_file = r"./lab_testbench/Measurements/Y_AB.p"
freq, Y_exp = np.load(exp_file, allow_pickle = True)
Y_exp = np.transpose(Y_exp, (2, 0, 1))
Numerical model#
FRFs used for the parent model numerical model can be imported to Python or generated with the mass and stiffness matrix using pyFBS.MK_model.FRF_synth.
Locations and directions for which FRFs are generated are defined in an Excel file and can be parsed into a pandas.DataFrame.
stl = r"./lab_testbench/STL/AB.stl"
xlsx = r"./lab_testbench/Measurements/AM_measurements.xlsx"
full_file = r"./lab_testbench/FEM/AB.full"
rst_file = r"./lab_testbench/FEM/AB.rst"
MK = pyFBS.MK_model(rst_file, full_file, no_modes = 100, recalculate = False)
df_chn = pd.read_excel(xlsx, sheet_name='Channels_AB')
df_imp = pd.read_excel(xlsx, sheet_name='Impacts_AB')
MK.FRF_synth(df_chn,df_imp,
f_start=0,
f_end=2002.5,
f_resolution=2.5,
modal_damping = 0.003,
frf_type = "accelerance")
As experimental, also the numerical model must be properly arranged. The first dimension represents the frequency depth, the second the response points, and the third excitation points. Additionally, the frequency resolution of the numerical and experimental model has to be the same.
The numerical model is not necessarily a square matrix, as it can also be rectangular. But the numerical model must contain at least all the DoFs contained in the experimental model.
Application of SEMM#
The function enables the implementation of three SEMM method formulations: basic, fully-extend and fully-extend-svd, the choice of which is defined with the SEMM_type parameter.
The red_comp and red_eq parameters can be used to influence the number of eigenvalues used to ensure equilibrium and compatibility conditions when the fully-extend-svd formulation is used 2.
The result is a hybrid model that contains the DoFs represented in the numerical model.
In the example below, only a part of the experimental response matrix is included in SEMM. The remaining DoFs are used to evaluate SEMM.
It is essential that the order of measurements in the experimental model Y_exp coincides with the order of measurements in the parameters df_chn_exp and df_imp_exp and the same must be valid for the numerical model.
Function pyFBS.SEMM will automatically match corresponding DoFs.
Y_AB_SEMM = pyFBS.SEMM(MK.FRF, Y_exp[:, 0:15, 5:20],
df_chn_num = df_chn,
df_imp_num = df_imp,
df_chn_exp = df_chn[0:15],
df_imp_exp = df_imp[5:20],
SEMM_type='fully-extend-svd', red_comp=10, red_eq=10)
Finally, the results of the hybrid model can be compared with the reference experimental and the numerical model.
That’s a wrap!
Want to know more, see a potential application? Contact us at info.pyfbs@gmail.com!
References
- 1
Steven WB Klaassen, Maarten V. van der Seijs, and Dennis de Klerk. System equivalent model mixing. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 105:90–112, 2018.
- 2
Steven WB Klaassen and D. J. Rixen. The Inclusion of a Singular-value Based Filter in SEMM. in: Proceedings of the 38th International Modal Analysis Conference, A Conference on Structural Dynamics, (2020), 2020.